Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Platelet-rich plasma-derived microRNA let-7a-5p alleviates knee osteoarthritis by regulating macrophage polarization and improving inflammatory microenvironment

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1756467

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of the targeting relationship between let-7a-5p and MAPK8. (A) Schematic representation of the predicted complementary binding site between let-7a-5p and the 3′-UTR of MAPK8. (B) Relative mRNA expression level of MAPK8 in macrophages overexpressing let-7a-5p detected by RT-qPCR. (C) WB analysis of MAPK8 protein expression in macrophages overexpressing let-7a-5p. (D) Inhibitory effect of let-7a-5p on MAPK8 expression was assessed via a dual luciferase reporter assay. ( **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the tissue sections and cells were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against iNOS (Proteintech 22226-1-AP), CD206 (Proteintech 18704-1-AP) and MAPK8 (Proteintech 66210-1-Ig).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Binding Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Luciferase, Reporter Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Platelet-rich plasma-derived microRNA let-7a-5p alleviates knee osteoarthritis by regulating macrophage polarization and improving inflammatory microenvironment

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1756467

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PRP on expression of let-7a-5p and MAPK8. (A) Relative mRNA expression levels of let-7a-5p in knee joint sections of each group detected by RT-qPCR. (B) iNOS and CD206 co-immunolabeld with MAPK8 and counter-stained with DAPI in synovial tissues (Scale bar: 50 μm). (C, D) Quantification of iNOS and CD206 expression co-localized with MAPK8. ( **P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the tissue sections and cells were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against iNOS (Proteintech 22226-1-AP), CD206 (Proteintech 18704-1-AP) and MAPK8 (Proteintech 66210-1-Ig).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Platelet-rich plasma-derived microRNA let-7a-5p alleviates knee osteoarthritis by regulating macrophage polarization and improving inflammatory microenvironment

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1756467

Figure Lengend Snippet: The let-7a-5p/MAPK8 axis regulates macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokine release in vitro . (A) IF staining showing expression of iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (Scale bar: 50 μm). (B) Quantification of iNOS-positive cell rate in transfected macrophages. (C) Quantification of CD206-positive cell rate in transfected macrophages. (D-G) Relative mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) in transfected macrophages detected by RT-qPCR. ( *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ns no significance).

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the tissue sections and cells were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against iNOS (Proteintech 22226-1-AP), CD206 (Proteintech 18704-1-AP) and MAPK8 (Proteintech 66210-1-Ig).

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Expressing, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research

Article Title: The novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor butaselen suppresses lung cancer by inducing oxidative stress

doi: 10.1080/13510002.2025.2588086

Figure Lengend Snippet: BS affects NF-κB, p38/JNK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in lung cancer. (a–d) A549 and H1299 cells were treated with BS (0, 5, 10 μM) for 24 h, followed by western blot. Error bars are means ± std. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with the control group by One-way ANOVA (n = 3).

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used for immunoblotting analysis are as follows: TrxR1 (Proteintech, 11117-1-AP), Trx1 (Proteintech, 14999-1-AP), HBP1 (Proteintech, 11746-1-AP), DNMT1 (Proteintech, 24206-1-AP), Bcl-2 (Proteintech, 12789-1-AP), Bax (Proteintech, 50599-2-Ig), β-actin (Bioss, bs-0061R), Flag (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804), HA (Covance, MMS-101P), p53 (Santa, sc-126), p21 (MBL, K0081-3), p27 (MBL, K0082), γ-H2AX (CST, 9718), NF-κB (Abcam, ab32536), p-NF-κB(CST, 3033), p38 (Santa, sc-7972), p-p38 (Santa, sc-101759), JNK (MCE, HY- P80728 ), p-JNK (Immunoway, YP0157), Akt (Santa, sc-5298), phospho-Akt (CST, 4060).

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research

Article Title: The novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor butaselen suppresses lung cancer by inducing oxidative stress

doi: 10.1080/13510002.2025.2588086

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic model of lung cancer inhibition by BS. The TrxR/Trx inhibitor butaselen (BS) can inhibit lung cancer by inducing ROS-dependent apoptosis. The inactivation of the NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, along with the activation of the p38/JNK signaling pathway, contributes to the anti-cancer effects of BS on lung cancer. Although p53 itself is not activated by BS, the HBP1/DNMT1/p21/γ-H2AX/Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway is activated by BS and contributes to its tumor-inhibitory role. Further mechanistic studies revealed HBP1 as a novel target of the Trx system. The Trx system inversely associates with HBP1 in lung cancer and regulates HBP1 expression at the post-translational level. Under normal conditions, TrxR1 catalyzes the reduction of Trx1 by utilizing NADPH. In its reduced form, Trx1 interacts with HBP1, promoting the ubiquitination of HBP1, which leads to its proteasomal degradation and maintains a low level of HBP1 within cancer cells. Treatment with butaselen inhibits the activity of TrxR1 in lung cancer cells, resulting in the oxidation of Trx1 and the subsequent excessive generation of ROS. HBP1 is activated after being released by the oxidized Trx1 and escaping proteasomal degradation. The activated HBP1 inhibits the expression of DNMT1 and elevates Bax. The decreased DNMT1 further results in the demethylation of the whole genome as well as the promoters of p21 and HOXA9. Ultimately, the upregulation of p21 and γ-H2AX, along with the downregulation of DNMT1 and Bcl-2/Bax, contributes to the apoptosis of lung cancer cells induced by BS. Taken together, the TrxR/Trx inhibitor butaselen inhibits lung cancer by promoting ROS-induced apoptosis through the NF-κB, PI3K-Akt, p38/JNK, and HBP1/DNMT1 signaling pathways.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used for immunoblotting analysis are as follows: TrxR1 (Proteintech, 11117-1-AP), Trx1 (Proteintech, 14999-1-AP), HBP1 (Proteintech, 11746-1-AP), DNMT1 (Proteintech, 24206-1-AP), Bcl-2 (Proteintech, 12789-1-AP), Bax (Proteintech, 50599-2-Ig), β-actin (Bioss, bs-0061R), Flag (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804), HA (Covance, MMS-101P), p53 (Santa, sc-126), p21 (MBL, K0081-3), p27 (MBL, K0082), γ-H2AX (CST, 9718), NF-κB (Abcam, ab32536), p-NF-κB(CST, 3033), p38 (Santa, sc-7972), p-p38 (Santa, sc-101759), JNK (MCE, HY- P80728 ), p-JNK (Immunoway, YP0157), Akt (Santa, sc-5298), phospho-Akt (CST, 4060).

Techniques: Inhibition, Protein-Protein interactions, Activation Assay, Expressing, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: RARRES1 attenuates H 2 O 2 -induced RPE cell injury and inhibits choroidal neovascularization

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1641653

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanistic Role of RARRES1 in ARPE-19 Cells Under Oxidative Stress. (A) Western blot analysis revealed that knockdown of RARRES1 in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress conditions led to activation of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and suppression of Nrf2 and SIRT1 expression. (B) In contrast, RARRES1 overexpression reversed these effects, suggesting a protective regulatory mechanism. Protein levels were normalized to β-actin, and mRNA levels to GAPDH. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies include RARRES1 (sc-390461, Santa Cruz), phospho-JNK (HY- P80831 , MCE), JNK (HY- P80197 , MCE), phospho-ERK (HY- P81156 , MCE), ERK (HY- P80393 , MCE), Nrf-2 (80593-1-RR, Proteintech), SIRT-1 (HY- P80319 , MCE), Occludin (502601, ZEN), β-actin (HRP-66009, Proteintech).

Techniques: Western Blot, Knockdown, Activation Assay, Expressing, Over Expression